Bella,
I did some studying of the effects of TV in my Social Science Degree. It was part of a year's course on personal identity, popular culture and the sense of self. Really HARD when it's at such a theoretical level, but very interesting all the same. Apparently, people 'learn' how to 'read' the different genres of TV (such as soaps, weaterns, news programmes, etc) in a subconscious way, so that if, for instance, you turn on the TV, within a couple of seconds, you are able to tell WHAT KIND of programme it is, just by the visual clues. You don't have to watch it for ten minutes to figure it out. Try turning on the TV with the sound down, and see how long it takes! Camera angle differ, for instance, in soaps and news coverage. Soaps are very interesting, as the cameras focus on 'over the shoulder' camera shots a lot, so that the viewer can 'eavesdrop' on an argument (and it usually IS an argument, in a soap), and therefore feel that they are 'in on' the relationship being shown to them more.
I never knew before I studied it, but the Government (in the UK at least - probably in the US too) dictates to scriptwriters what storylines must be shown, to get particular ideas across. This works better, for instance, than ' Government warning films' which people (obviously) aren't going to take much notice of. Things like drugtakers being shopped by their friends, women who leave men being worse off (strange one, that), AIDS issues, etc.
Soaps also give people with no sense of 'community' a fictional world to feel part of - this is partly why, in staff rooms at lunchtime, people can often be heard 'discussing' whether or not someone should leave their boyfriend or whatever - you'd think they were talking about a real person, till you cotton on that this is a character from a soap! It's become a more common occurrence as people have become more separate from their extended families, since the 1970's.
Three per cent of people in the UK don't have a TV license. Of these, apparently half of them DO have a TV, but refuse to buy a license. So, 1.5% of the total households in the UK really don't have a TV. It costs £140 million to chase up non-payers (all 3% of them). It would be cheaper to bump up the cost of the license amongst the other 97% - but the fear factor of being caught and possibly going to prison for *6 MONTHS* is seen as the deterrent that makes the current system worthwhile. How on earth has a form of 'entertainment' (and I use the word loosely!) become so 'required'? You can stab somebody and get a lesser sentence than that!
It's a strange thing, that almost always, when I tell people that I don't watch TV *at all*, they invariably say ' I don't watch much either, hardly at all, really.' But when they elaborate, it's clear they watch at least 3 hours a day, often simply for background noise, or because they keep the TV on between two programmes that they *did* want to watch. Think how much else you can do when you don't face all your living room furniture towards a box in the corner!
Janet