Let me see if I can do the labyrinth any justice in trying to give a brief explaination.
The labyrinth is actually an ancient archetype. The earliest known labyrinth is in the Greek (Cretan) myth of the Minotaur. The circular design was found on ancient coins.... The pattern is found in a Native American, Hopi Healing wheel, and reoccurs in many ancinet cultures....
It is a circular pattern with one winding path to the center, and the same path is followed out again. It is not a maze because there are no dead ends, or multiple choices. Only one path is followed.
The Medival church used the labyrinth pattern for a spiritual tool. It often represented a pilgrimage to a Holy City when it was too dangerous to actually travel to such a city. It has been used as a symbol of death and rebirth, the under world, the womb, and many other images that imply Center. (Religious historian Marcia Eliade writes about the concept of Center or axis mundi -a point at which heaven, earth and the underworld intersect). There is another book called Sacred Geometry by Robert Lawlor (who knew Geometry could be sacred?!) He discusses how the circular geometrical form actaully creates a sacred space for people... (only a few pages of the book were really interesting to me. The rest was over my head!) Jungian psychologist, Oliver Mark, in Psychology of the House also writes about the circular form representing a spiritual center.
Any way, in terms of modern appication:
Many Medival church labyrinths were destroyed. Only in the last twenty or so years are they being rediscovered by our culture as a spiritual tool for healing and self discovery. Today they are found sometimes at spiritual retreat centers, carved in fields, on canvases, formed with flowers, rocks, even wine bottles in peoples back yards. The turns are believed to activate different parts of the brain. One can walk the winding path to the center releasing pain, stay in the center for healing, and then walk out putting on the healing/strength... It can represent just about anything. I know people who have had very powerful physical and emotional healing experiences.
I long to make the feminine imagry my own. But I have a difficult time really focusing or letting go enough for it to mean much to me. I am still hoping to try it again sometime.
The best book I have read, and would highly recommend is, "Walking A Sacred Path: Rediscovering the Labyrinth as A Spiritual Tool" by Lauren Artress.
Here is a URL that seems to contain quite a bit of information as well:
http://www.lessons4living.com/labyrinth.htm