The concept of covert abuse has been life changing for me. I learned the idea from the book by Patricia Evans on verbal abuse. It finally became clear what I had been experiencing in my FOO for most of my life. My parents were usually not overtly and obviously abusive, but their typical way of relating to their offspring was chronically invalidating, unsupportive, and indifferent to our real emotional needs. Here are some of the subtle covertly abusive behaviors I have noticed.
First there are behaviors identified in the Evans book:
Discounting the other persons achievements, contributions or opinions.
Counterpointing the victims ideas and statements.
"Crazymaking" by constantly switching back and forth between positions in order to oppose the victim.
And some more I have identified from my personal experience:
Failure to acknowledge the age, developmental level, expertise, credentials, of the victim. The abuser might chronically treat the child as a adult, or an adult as a child.
Monologuing. Any sustained speech of more than about 30 seconds IMO may be shading into abuse. Lack of reciprocal dialogue.
Excessive explaining instead of having a reciprocal conversation. The "explainer" is invalidating the knowledge, expertise of the victim.
Failure to ask qualifying questions in a conversation. Is the victim interested in the topic or already informed?
Failure to have a relationship memory. The abuser expects the victim to know everything about what is going on with them. But they don't reciprocate. Issues of importance to the victim are instantly forgotten.
Failure to understand the difference between opinions and facts. What the abuser believes is typically considered "factual" while the victims are subject to emotional irrational opinions. Abusers may rarely qualify any statement by saying "I think" or "I believe". What they believe is the truth.
Not allowing the victim to be "irrational" or emotional once in awhile. The abuser does whatever they want whatever they want, based on the mood of the moment. But the victim is typically chastised for emotional behavior (e.g. "You are just not being logical")
Growing up I didn't often get "abused" in the overt traditional sense, but I've rarely had interactions with my parents, especially my father, that didn't fall into one of the categories listed above. My father can't talk for more than a minute without falling into one of these patterns.